Hakgala Botanical Garden

Location

Hakgala Botanical Garden is situated on the Nuwara Eliya-Badulla main road, 16 km from Nuwara Eliya.Hakgala. We are in Central Highlands (Up country) of Sri Lanka. Hakgala Gardens lie beneath the towering Hakgala Rock some 10km south of Nuwara Eliya (Little England) with majestic views across hills receding in tiers into the distance. 

Among the gardens in the island, Hakgala Botanical Gardens is second only to renownedPerdeniya Royal Botanical Gardens of Kandy, the gateway to the Central highlands. 

Climate

The garden has a cool temperate climate because of altitude is 5,400 feet above the sea level. The mean annual temperature ranges between 16°C to 30°C during course of a year.From December to February it has a cold climate, while the warm climate persists from April to August.

Hakagala Strict Natural Reserve

Hakgala Botanical Gardens is located within the Hakgala Strict Natural Reserve.

History

Garden established in 1861 as an experimental cultivation of Cinchona, a commercial crop thriving at the time. Once after the Tea replace theCinchona, it was turned into an experimental Tea cultivation. In 1884 it transformed to a garden since then many sub tropical and some temperate plants were planted in the gardens.

Mythology

The rock of Hakgala (Jaw Rock) rises 450 meters (1500 feet) above the gardens & believed to be one of the two places (the other being the cave at Ella) where King Rawana held Sita, consort of Lord Rama of great Indian epic Ramayana. 

The soil of the area around Sita Eliya temple close to the Gardens is darker than elsewhere in the island. According to the legend, it was in this area Lord Hanuman, in his rage, wreaked havoc on the villages & the forests: his tail was set on fire by King Rawana. 

The darkened soil is said to be no accident or design of nature. The strange circular depressions in the rock by the adjacent stream are believed to be the footprints of King Rawana's elephant. Of course all of these tales belong to Mythology in Sri Lanka.

The Gardens

The Gardens (27ha) were established in 1860 as an experimental Cinchona plantation from which the anti-malarial drug quinine is derived. Subsequently the gardens were used for experiments in acclimatizing temperate-zone plants to life in tropics. 

Today Hakgala's gardens of roses, shrubs, ferns & montane woodland are delightfully located in salubrious environment, with small streams running across & wooden bridges built over them with birds flying all over. The charm of the Gardens, cold & shady atmosphere & enchanting sceneries soothes your mind relieving you of your anxieties. 

The gardens sprawl up the steep hillside, ranging from the anodyne ornamental areas around the entrance to the far wider & more interesting forests up the hills. The best views are from the steps & path on to the right immediately after the entrance gate that lead through the azalea garden up to a little pavilion.

The Spice garden

The shady Spice garden to the right on main entrance bears a fine selection including cinnamon, cardamom, and nutmeg. Some of the oldest nutmeg trees planted in the year 1840 still in fine fettle.

The Rose Garden

The Rose Garden, twin terraced block of land is home to more than 100 varieties of Roses. Some of the varieties of the Roses were imported & planted by the British colonial rulers of then Ceylon. The glass house, indoor garden displays blooming species & varieties of Begonia, Peperomia, Saintpaulia, Primula, Glaxinia, Steptocarpus & Pelargniu.
The Orchid House

The orchid House shows off a captivation of exotic blooms of Cattleya, Dendrobium, Arachnis, Oncidium, Phalaenopsis, Vanda & their hybrids. Around the orchid House are several hardy orchids including the largest orchid in the world (Grammatophyllum speciosum) which produces flower spike up to 2.5 m long & the green orchid (Coelogyne meyeriana).
Small Plant House

Close to the Orchid House is a small Plant House containing a variety of green house plants such as ferns, begonias, African violets, Episcia diffenbachia, Phildendron bromelia & Anthuriaum.

The Cactus house & the Flower Garden

The Cactus house exhibit over 800 species including Agaves, Opuntia, Kalachoe, Cereus, Rebutia, Rhipsalis while the Flower Garden displays numerous annual flowers arranged according to the height & colour of the plants.

The fernery

The fernery provides shaded atmosphere. Among the ferns are Tree fern (Cyathea crinita). Many species of native ferns grow in the shades of tall trees. This section also house old bushes of Tea (Camellia sinensis), which were used for experimentation of tea cultivation in hill country. This collection forms the very introduction of Assam tea hybrid brought to Ceylon in 1967.

Rock garden

The main rock garden established in 1921, provides an environment for many kind of herbaceous plants. These plants thrive well in beds laid out among rock & boulders. The pond below the sloppy lawn is home to water lily (Nymphea maxicana).

The arboretum

The arboretum is one of the most important sections of the garden. This section covers a large area behind the rock garden. Various native species as well as species introduced from subtropical countries abound herein.

Bulb garden

Bulb garden established in 1924, contains a collection of subtropical bulbous plants like Lillum varieties, Watsonia, Agapanthus varieties, Galdiolus, Hemerocallis, Amaryilis, Alstremeria & Zantedeschia.

The wooded areas

The wooded areas of the gardens include numerous majestic Monterey cypresses from California, U.S.A & fine old cedars. There are areas of enormous tree ferns, stands of Japanese camphour, & pines & eucalpyts, a shaggy cluster of bark-shedding Australian melaleucas.

Endemic montane bird species

The garden is also one of the best places in the island to spot endemic montane bird species & migratory birds during North-East monsoon.

Among the indigenous birds are Sri Lanka wood pigeon, Southern crow pheasant, Layard's wood pecker, straked fan tail warbler, Yellow fronted barbet, Tickell's flower pecker (the smallest bird in Sri Lanka), Ceylon jungle fowl, Forest Eagle Fowl, Yellow eared Bulbul, Southern Indian Black Bulbul, Green willow warbler, Gray headed fly catcher, Black winged kite, Pintail snipe, Brown shrike, Black headed Munia, Indian Tailor Bird, Jungle bush quail, Ceylon scimitar babbler, Dusky blue fly catcher, Ceylon munia, Large Ceylon white eye, Himalayan blue chat.

Migratory birds

Among the migratory birds are Gray wagtail, Pied ground thrush, bungalow swallow, Pied & brown shrike, Indian woodchat, Green willow warbler, Gray headed fly catcher, Black winged kite, Pintail snipe, Brown shrike. Above the gardens, a forest trail leads into virgin woodland-the home of a troop of purple-faced leaf monkeys, a species endemic to the island, sambhur.